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Uniforms of the Thirty Years War
Bill Boyle
(moved from the defunct Rempas Group and edited slightly, February 2005 by Diomedes)

The concept of uniforms was under development during the Thirty Years War. Therefore all comments are neither inclusive, exclusive nor definitive. Gustavus Adolphus was the driving force behind standard uniforms. Although no armies of the period really had uniforms, per se, coat colours and sometimes facings and or cuff colours for each regiment was followed by the end of the war.

Early war armies, on the other hand, were much closer to the landsknecht style of dress. Mercenary units still had tendencies of flamboyant dress, to prove themselves separate from society, in other words soldiers, when purse permitted.

The following information and theories on uniforms have been culled from my reading about the war, with the most useful sources in the bibliography. Osprey has several books that cover specific armies. Armies so covered are given limited treatment in this article. There is a tremendous amount of material available for the English Civil War and the style of dress is similar. Osprey also covers Samurai, (the Age of War is the same time frame and similar tactics) and Mogul (same time frame).

Remember, anything you want to paint cannot be disproved and sometimes each soldier in a regiment would have different dress to hardships and scrounging. I would not be offended by renaissance type units across the table from me, especially prior to 1631, so have fun
and let your imagination run free.

General comments on Accoutrements

Any really good ECW book on uniforms, (which are readily available) will supply most of your needs in this area. The key difference between the ECW and the continent is the armour worn by mounted troops. Most cavalry wore 3/4 armour, at least until the 1640s. This armour was often blackened ( they weren’t called Swartz reiters for nothing ). The French, Swedes and Poles were the only armies with significant numbers of medium cavalry. Harquebusiers and caribins, an early form of dragoon not used in the ECW, usually wore both back and breastplate with a pot helmet, or no armour. Wallenstein banned backplates for harquebusiers after their poor performance at Lutzen , and the Austrian Army continued this practice until cavalry stopped wearing armour altogether.

BUFF COATS. Buff coats could be worn over or under 3/4 armour. Foot officers also wore buff, as did dragoons and some medium cavalry. These coats were sometimes washed black, and usually sleeveless. The reason buff coats were used as the primary armour in the ECW was the lack of armour. Buff coats were rarely used by the infantry. (Infantry was treated as a disposable commodity, particularly during the last half of the war.) Although Sweden was a primary source of elk hides used to make buff coats, the Swedes seldom used this armour and based tactics partly to offset their lack of armour. The hides were too valuable as an cash export to use. After 1635, as Swedish tactics became the standard cavalry tactic, the use of 3/4 armour declined. Buff coats became more popular for cavalry as a result.

BREECHES. The Swedes tried to have the breeches match the coats, as did late war armies. Better dressed units, (such as elites, Wallenstein, or Saxon) would match or contrast. Otherwise, brown, tan, dull red, white, or whatever was stolen from the peasants that morning could be used.

LEATHER EQUIPMENT. Leather was usually neither washed black nor dyed white, but if you want to spruce up your elite units, feel free. Danes, Swedes, and possibly Brandenburg used grey eel skin and this can be used to give a nice contrast with primary coat colours. Shoes were brown or black, except for eastern troops. Most nobility wore red heels, except the Danes who were banned from doing so.

STOCKINGS AND HOSE. Good units had stockings that contrasted with the coats. Spanish hose were often stripped: red and yellow, blue and brown, and yellow and blue were common. Bavarian foot mostly used bright red stockings. Otherwise, white, tan, light brown, dull red, blue and green was used.

CUFFS, TRIM, AND FACINGS. Cuffs, trim and facings sometimes contrasted with primary coat colours, particularly with elite units. Cuff colours were more prevalent after 1635.

COAT STYLES. At the start of the war in 1618 style followed the Spanish wambus, with a triangle shape broad at the shoulders and narrow at the waist. The Dutch alternative was the doublet that flared out at the waist and hung below the waistline. Eastern armies (Saxon, Poles, and Swedes) tended to go their own way , with coats that ended mid thigh. The type of coats worn were directly related to whoever the country was allied to or what religion they were, if purse permitted. Also, whoever won last years battles would be copied in next year’s fashions. Coat length tended to shorten as the war continued, from 1640 on, and reached the waist by the end of the war.

A few general comments regarding all armies follows..

ELITE UNITS wore Red, Blue, or Green. Red was often used as the coat colour for the Queens Regiments. For example, The Queen of Brandenburg’s’ Regiment wore red coats trimmed in green. Denmark’s and England’s’ Queens’ Regiments also used red coats. Of course red dyes were the cheapest, I just wonder if any Queens took King to task for pfennig pinching.

ARTILLERYMEN used dark colours to hide the dirt and powder residue. Black, brown, and dark blue were common. The first units of artillery that were part of an army, as opposed to being contracted, were Swedish. Uniforms were usually not used by artillerymen. Medium
Artillerymen were known to used brown or green to discourage snipers. Perhaps brown or pearl grey for Austrians, and blue for Swedes, otherwise make artillerymen as irregular as possible.

CAVALRY wore light grey, white, or buff coats either with or instead of 3/4 armour. Cavalry also wore coats the same colour as either their national colours or the heraldic colours of the man they served.

CITY MILITIAS. Militias wore black, grey and brown mostly, although a good example of militia dress for Danzig is in the Osprey Polish Infantry book. Militias often wore very baggy ‘shorts’ that reached to the knee and then hose. This would be very practical clothing for muddy siege work and if not active in open country. The French and the Poles seem to be the only troops that wore this type of outfit while on campaign. The Spanish, of course, still adhered to the wambus and trunk hose. Although this had a different look, the Spanish outfit had the same advantages and problems as the ‘shorts’ of the city militias. These two modes of dress were suitable for troops garrisoning towns or engaged in siege work.

FIELD SIGNS. Sashes [“Scarves” in contemporary Parlance – Diomedes], ribbons, feathers, etc, were used to identify troops on the battlefield. This expedient was used throughout the war and was based on the Kings’ or Regimental commanders coat of arms, much like livery. Field signs were needed because opposing forces uniforms were similar or identical. (A problem not unknown even in the ACW). Also, allied armies would have to agree on common signs. Passwords and battle cries were used to help reduce confusion. The following list is commonly used field signs.

BAVARIA. Light blue and white.
CHRISTAIN OF BRUNSWICK. Blue and yellow.
DENMARK. Blue and orange with white feathers. After 1625 the Danes reverted to Oldenburg colours, red and yellow.
DUTCH. Orange. States troops wore a orange, blue and white cockade. City militias wore Red, white and blue. Amsterdam wore blue and white. Haarlem wore white, red and gold.
IMPERIAL. Black and yellow or red and white.
FRENCH. White and red or blue and white. French officers always wore white sashes.
SAXONY. Yellow to 1630, often dark green after 1630.
PALATINE. Possibly white.
POLAND. Red and white or straw.
SWEDEN. Blue, yellow, or green.
WALLENSTEIN. Green, yellow, or Imperial.
HESSE. Silver, blue, and red.
HANOVER. White feather.
SWISS. Red, blue, and yellow. I n French service; white blue and red.

That is the basic overview of armies in general, now I will cover specific armies starting with France.

FRANCE

The French were fond of broad collars and lace. The coats were flared at the waist and short (mid thigh). Late war, post 1635, troops sometimes copied the knee length coat trends of Saxony and Sweden. Breeches were ribboned at the knee and could reach mid calf with buttons running down the outside seams. By the 1640s the breeches ended at the knee.

French headgear was a grey or black brimmed felt hat. The boukinkan, ( a hat similar to the montero) was also used. Officers wore capes or tabards (cassocks) , as did the musketeers, and French officers always wore white sashes. The baldric was worn on the right shoulder and the bandoleer , if any, on the left. The French drummers wore their drum on the RIGHT side with the head almost vertical. Most drummers of the period wore the drum on the left, but the head of the drum was vertical. Figure manufacturers take note.

Pikemen were generally unarmoured. The exceptions to this rule were the Guards, The Swiss (who even wore tassets and pauldrons), and the Vieux Corps. French Infantry liked to melee and the ‘Fury of France’ dates from this period. When it came to defending or prolonged fire fights, they tended to wilt.

Coat colours
The Maison Du Roi (gendarmes) wore red or blue coats. The only other cavalry Regiment that wore red was the Royal Rousillon. The Guards’ horse furniture was black. Cavalry often wore cassocks with livery.

Dragoons were additional firepower and attached to cavalry units. They were disbanded from 1626 to 1635. Prior to 1626 they were useful against the Huguenots, and after 1635, when France became actively involved in the war, it was recognized that dragoons were still needed. The following coat colours were used.
Dragoons coat cuffs
blue blue
red blue
green red
yellow red

French infantry were mostly in grey (or gris blanc) although red, white and blue were also used. The Guard was in gris blanc by 1670.

The Swiss dressed in national/ cantonal style from the 16th century. The were usually in 300 man companies recruited from the same canton and replacements came from the same canton or village. Used the pike longer and stayed with the 1 pike per 1 musket ratio throughout the period. Also stayed in full kit most ,if not all, of the period.

The musketeers wore light blue tabards with a white cross and fleur de lis at the points of the cross. Richelieu’s and Mazarin’s men wore red tabards with a white cross.

French Royal Regiments (both mounted and infantry) could be either in dark or light blue. Watch a few 3 musketeer movies and you will get the hang of it before you can say sacre bleu.

SAVOY
Savoy used dark blue or grey for infantry and also used French national colours. Most Savoyards that fought in Germany were Mansfield’s mercenaries and dressed like landsknechts. The light blue used by Palatine and Bavaria was known as Savoy Blue, perhaps the Savoyards also used it. During the war Savoy tried to play France and Spain off against each other to Savoy’s’ benefit, with limited success.

DENMARK AND SAXONY
These two Protestant countries were two of the major players of the war. Both armies were of good quality, (Breitenfeld aside, the Saxon Army probably was the third best army of the war, after Tilly's Catholic Leaguers and the Swedes.) Both did not have the size and staying power to go it alone in the war and eventually had to switch sides to survive. So, Saxon and Danish troops fought on both sides and make a great allied contingent that can be used for either side.
Both armies tended to dress well, until the treasury became exhausted.

SAXONY.
Saxony dressed as Protestants and fought tactically as Imperialists. There is an abundance of information in The Armies of Ducal Saxony in The Thirty Years War by Belarus (Trans. Condray). As this is a rare book, the following is a summary along with other sources. The Saxons used buff more than most armies, for both breeches and coats. They were also found of striped shirts, blue and yellow being most common. Hats were grey, black, and unusually, sometimes white. OFFICERS wore black jackets or doublets and black breeches. Any sleeves showing were yellow striped. A grey hat and coat completed their garb. HORSE furniture would be yellow, red, yellow and black striped, or green with gold trim for the generals and their bodyguards. The Saxons used yellow sashes and trim if not noted for a particular battle.

Saxony prior to 1623 and most Protestant militia were outfitted in the following manner. All foot wore grey hats, short grey coats with red collars and cuffs, and grey or buff breeches. Pikemans’ armour was blackened and the pike wore white collars. Pikemen usually wore buff breeches and sometimes buff coats under their armour. The Dresden Militia guard wore blue and yellow and were an exception to the general rule. The Saxon Cavalry of this period was formed from the feudal levy into two regiments. The 3/4 armour was regulation issue and blackened. Schlieber's Regiment wore red coats and Goldstein’s’ Regiment wore yellow coats. The breeches colour varied by squadron and grey, black, blue, and buff is mentioned. this army is basically Saxony’s’ militia and could be used as such throughout the war. The colour combinations are typical for Protestant militias.

Post 1623 Saxons. Artillerymen, pioneers, and dragoons attached to artillery wore blue coats with yellow trim. Breeches could be blue or yellow. Saxon dragoons not attached wore blue coats with gold trim. The cavalry wore black, white, red, and brown coats with gold trim under their armour with the squadron breeches as before. Some cavalry also wore red, black, and brown coats with silver trim. Additionally, yellow coats with black trim and white coats with red trim was worn. Saxon foot combinations included red coats with yellow trim, red and white, yellow and black, green and white, and blue with red.

DENMARK.
Denmark uniformed elite units in red, with green, blue, or yellow cuffs and stockings. Christian IVs’ personal unit of foot, (the Blue Regiment), wore blue with white trim by 1625, (and was armed with firelocks). Hats were grey. Other foot wore green (Two Regiments), yellow (1 regiment), and red. Danish harquebusiers wore light blue coats. English troops (Morgan’s from Palatine and Mansfield’s service) and Scottish troops (Monroe) probably wore blue.

The Cavalry’s First regiment wore red cassocks and the Second regiment wore blue cassocks. Breeches were red, blue and yellow by squadron. The Queen’s regiment of foot may have worn red with green trim. Tarnstrom’s The Sword of Scandinavia is a surprising fount of information. So the well dressed and equipped Saxon and Danish Armies marched out and did battle with Tilly’s ‘ragged soldiers with bright (well maintained) muskets’ and were thrashed.
Pretty troops though.

IMPERIAL ARMIES

The Imperialists tended toward the landsknecht style of dress, so less uniformity was evident in the armies fighting for and allied with the Holy Roman Emperor. Tilly, the commander of the Catholic League (Bavarian) Army always said, “ a ragged soldier and a bright musket.” The old warrior monk Tilly was one of the most successful generals of the war and his ragged soldiers made short work of the better uniformed protestants until Gustavus changed the methods of war fighting. Wallenstein’s armies were an exception, the greatest military entrepreneur of the period took pains to insure his armies were well dressed. After his demise, the Imperial armies inherited most of his units and they formed the basis of the Austrian Army. Imperial troops in general wore either red, yellow or pearl grey/white. (i.e. undyed linen)

CROATS. Isolani's Croats were described as dressed in black with red coats and cloaks. They wore red or black boots. They never wore green or blue boots since the Turks wore those colours. Other Croats are mentioned as wearing red coats with gold trim. Croats and Grenzer (Austrian border skirmishers) often wore striped vests or waist sashes.

Austrian units wore pearl grey or white. The artillery may have worn brown. Austrians also wore red and yellow coats.

Bavarian and Catholic League units wore light blue or red coats and sometimes Imperial colours. The infantry almost always wore bright red stockings. Pappenheim’s cuirassiers wore all black armour with polish type helmets, reputed to be pistol proof.

SPAIN
These troops were usually fighting the Dutch but did conquer the Lower Palatine in the 1620s and reinforcements travelling from Italy to Flanders could be involved en passant, most notably in the Nordlingen campaign. (1632) The painting “The Siege of Breda” is a good starting place for Spanish troops. Spanish troops still wore ruffs and wambus with trunk hose. The wambus was usually dark brown and dark red stockings were the most used colour, but stockings were often striped. Members of the Council of Blood, (1580s), wore dark green wambus with red hose. Walloons wore red coats and served as mounted arquebus or musketeers for Spain and Imperial Armies. Spanish dragoons wore yellow or buff coats with red cuffs. Other Flanders dragoons wore red, blue, or green coats. (elite colours). Foot Officers and gentlemen volunteers wore a tan tabard with violet and white checked trim. The Burgundy cross was in violet on the shoulders and the Spanish coat of arms was cantered on the front and back of the tabard. Spain still looked like a 16th century army.

WALLENSTEIN was the most successful of the mercenary entrepreneurs, until murdered by his employer, (and you thought today’s job market was tough). He started as a petty noble and went on to rival the Austrian Hapsburgs. The most common coat colours were green, yellow or Imperial colours. I believe that the green was a lighter shade than either the Danes or Saxons, Kelly Green perhaps? Wallenstein had a Lancer guard unit, as did his Croat general Isoloni, 200 men each. His guard at Lutzen wore red with light blue lining and
trim, the foot guard (600) trimmed with gold and silver. Bertold Wallenstein's foot wore green coats and Max Wallenstein's foot wore yellow coats. The Austrian Army absorbed most or his army. For example, Hardegg’s Regiment from Upper Austria was Wallenstein’s Lifeguard that he lead as a Colonel at Zablat in 1619, wore grey in the 1630s. Gallas' Regiments that formerly served Wallenstein were specifically re-uniformed in grey in 1642. This army was usually well supplied and equipped so should be as snappy dressers as the Saxons.

PROTESTANT UNIFORMS
Having already covered the turncoat Protestants (Saxony and Denmark), I now turn attention to the remaining Protestant protagonists. Protestants tended to dress more soberly than their Catholic opponents and tended to be more uniformly dressed. The Protestants recognized the morale value and esprit de corps that uniforms impart sooner than the Catholics. It also helped reduce desertion. The comments on Saxon militia apply to many Protestant militias, if not their main army. The following list is known uniform colours for the lesser armies.

Protestant Union forces may have worn ruffs and dressed in trunk hose and wambus. Early war Protestants also used the older style Bergheim helmets, Burgonets, and crested helmets. No specific colours are mentioned but blue seems to be the Protestant colour of choice. For, example, the only colour mentioned for both Brandenburg and Brunswick Wolfenbuttel (The Mad Halberstadters troops) is blue. Of course, three regiments of Brandenburgers sent to join the Poles in the 1630s defected to the Swedes, these troops are mentioned wearing ‘Dark’ blue. So, Swedes could have some dark blue. What I find interesting is that the Brandenburg troops taken were raised as part of the Ducal Prussia contingent for the Polish Army, and as such should have been uniformed in black and yellow, Ducal Prussia’s colours. The problem with black is that it fades to green and you end up with green and faded yellow/brown, so maybe George William was trying to improve the long term look of his armies uniforms.

Palatinate Guardsmen wore white uniforms with light blue trim, a possible reversal of the typical uniforms of the rank and file? It was common with drummers. The Palatinate was a major member of the Protestant Union, so blue is possible. English volunteers played a major role in the Lower Palatine battles against the Spanish and wore blue with yellow lining and white braiding, possibly Palatine forces wore this in general.

Mansfield. Had regiments named Red, Blue, Green, and Yellow but probably only were named after their flags’ colours and not their coats.

Hanoverian troops had red coats with grey stockings. Possibly blue shirts and brown breeches complete the uniform. These troops were raised in 1630 to fight with Sweden.

Hesse Cassel. Some uniforms were dark blue with red stockings and possibly red or silver cuffs, (cuff colours for late war). Red or grey coats with grey breeches were also used. Silver, blue and red from the coat of arms were used as trim. Mounted Jaegers were raised in 1631, 300 man company, and probably in blue.

Hanseatic League. Three regiments went over to the Swedes and were called the black Regiment. another source says Hanseatics wore white coats. Perhaps both are right and either would be correct.

Wurtemberg. Sources in the early 1700s state that Wurtembergers traditionally wore white. Whether this tradition reaches back to the war is unproven, but likely. Yellow and black were the livery colours and would make a nice contrast to white uniforms, but I have no direct evidence to support.

Volunteers from England, Scotland and Ireland. The ECW provides plenty of examples of the type of clothing worn by individuals serving on the continent. Scots usually served the Protestant, the Irish served the Catholic. English volunteers served in both. The Scots had entire regiments in Danish, Swedish and French Armies. The English and Irish had Regiments in the Army of Flanders. English troops serving the Palatinate, Mansfield, or the Duke of Hamilton are always mentioned in blue coats, and usually grey stockings.

Scottish troops did not wear tartan. For that matter from what is known as tartan was not worn anywhere during this period. They did however, wear ‘hodden grey’ as did the English and the Irish. HODDEN GREY was described as “ motley or other sad green colour, or russet” (p. 385 Oman). Anything from grey to red brown or dark green would suffice. I believe that tweed would be appropriate for these homespun articles of clothing. The English in the Osprey book on Swedish Infantry are a good example of this type of cloth. If you must, feel free to use tartans on your Scottish and Irish troops, just don’t use black watch. So, if you need a new challenge, just try to paint tweed.

THE NETHERLANDS (Holland) wore grey , black and brown. Rembrandt’s painting ‘The Night Watch’ is a good source for ideas. For those less cultured, (sniff, sniff), a box of Dutch Masters cigars is a good reference. Paint troops like pilgrims in grade school plays and you can’t go far wrong. The sea beggars, (the first Dutch troops), wore grey and was the first uniform by default. The Dutch paid regular, by month, and trained regularly, but were more concerned with results and less concerned with looks. (Interestingly enough, the months were sometimes up to 45 days long.) Dutch troops almost always wore a orange, blue and white cockade to identify states troops. Saxon 1620s militia uniforms would be good for most and Dutch guards wore blue. Striped shirts and breeches were worn by cavalry and stripped breeches were sometimes worn by infantry. Blue and yellow uniforms are also possible. Early war troops wore ruffs and wambus, later period discarded the wambus and ruffs for long coats. Their hose were often red.

SWEDEN.
The two Ospreys and Gush’s book are what you need. Sweden even tried to have the breeches match the coat. Gush’s book also touches on the ‘traditional’ uniforms for cavalry. Most Scots serving Sweden were quickly given uniforms, although ‘redshanks’ volunteers hoping to join sometimes followed the army in traditional clothing. One item that none of these books mention is the Swedish field sign of the hat band. Two old accounts state that the Swedes wore a yellow hat band with blue edging on the band to identify Swedish troops. Parker’s book also supports this view (p301 Bibliography). The following is a short summation of Swedish uniforms.

The Swedish infantry wore unwaisted long coats. The basic cut was the peasant coat that reached from to just beyond the waist or almost to the knee. The hat was grey felt except were noted. Buff coats, when worn, were sleeveless. (Most infantry buff coats of this period were sleeveless.) Armour was blackened. Militia and pre 1626 coats were tawny orange and or light grey with white trim. The red, blue and yellow regiments at least worn coloured cassocks during this period. Native Swedish troops often wore blue. Light blue overcoats with fur trim were worn in winter. Post 1626 wore blue, yellow and red coats and breeches. Thurn’s regiment wore blue. See also info above on defecting units. English and Scots volunteers wore red and black tartan or tawny with grey breeches, stockings, and cassocks. Blue bonnets and ‘tartan’ breeches were also worn.

Officers wore white lay down collars and cuffs with a blue and yellow sash. (The sash colour is post Lutzen). Officer uniforms could be black, grey, or the regiments uniform. Ensigns and the King’s Lifeguard musketeers wore grey.

Cavalry. The household cavalry dressed in blue and at least one other Regiment did also. household troops also wore Vasa livery, black and yellow (gold). Known cavalry coats and possibly cuffs, were:
Smalands= red coats and blue cuffs, trim
Upplands = red coats and yellow cuffs, trim
Ostgota= red coats and black cuffs, trim.
Finnish cavalry wore an orange or blue coat with grey or blue breeches. The hat worn was either a light coloured sheep fur cap, buff leather, or orange coloured.
Cavalry in general were dressed in blackened back and breastplate with a long coat or buff and leather gantlets, so most of any uniform was mostly covered anyway.
Gamekeepers, or jaegers, were dressed in blue.
Artillerymen were dressed in black or blue, for the specialists, and grey or blue for the labourers assisting the gun crews.
Dragoons dressed in red coats with grey breeches and or all in brown.

All black ‘mourning’ uniforms were issued after the death of the King and dragoons and infantry wore these expensive uniforms.

BIBIOGRAPHY

Historical Wargamer Magazine. August 1993
“ Painting the 18th century.” Charles C. Sharp. A good general article that does not directly relate, but worthwhile for ideas and the effects of weather on the dyes used.
Military Uniforms of the World, Preben Kannik, Poole 1968.
Don’t look at the pictures first, read the text. A gold mine of information.
THE ART OF WAR IN THE AGE OF MARLBOROUGH. D. CHANDLER.
Page 85....
THE THIRTY YEARS WAR. G. PARKER.
Armies at Breitenfield in particular, page 92... Also information on Gallas’s troops, uniforms in general.
OSRPEY SERIES. Sweden, Poland, Turkey, Spain in Flanders, Irish.
EUROPEAN WEAPONS AND WARFARE, 1618 to 1648. E. Wagner. OCTOPUS PRESS. London.
City militias, Poles, Turks, Hussars, Light horse and officers in particular. Don’t pass up if you get the chance to buy. Many of the colour drawings come right out of THEATRUM EUROPEAUM.
THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND THE NAPOLEONIC WARS. Wm. Johnson and C. Bell.
Raider Books. Leeds. 1988.
The first edition was privately published in the USA and is better for the TYW than second edition because they removed some info not pertinent to the Napoleonic era.
RENNISSANCE ARMIES. G. Gush. A little thin on info after 1600 but still very useful.
WARGAMES ILLUSTRATED. Various issues.
THE ARMIES OF ELECTORAL SAXONY IN THE THIRTY YEARS WAR. Belarus.
Very detailed, all one would need for Saxony.
FRENCH ARMIES IN THE THITY YEARS WAR. N.Danskin.
A little thin on colours colours but excellent on everything else. First rate.
SWORD OF SCANDINAVIA. R. Tarnstrom.
Surprisingly useful considering the broad scope of the book. Denmark well covered. some conclusions on Sweden not correct, but uniform info accurate.

GORGET AND SASH. Lutzen issue.
ONE MILLION MERCENARIES. Covers the Swiss.
SCENARIOS FOR WARGAMERS . Issues 1 and 2. Sadly, the only issues. French well covered and some info on Spain.

THE ARMIES OF ELECTORAL SAXONY IN THE THIRTY YEARS WAR. Belarus.
Very detailed, all one would need for Saxony.

--- М-дя, вот это интересно. Никому не попадалась?

У меня на днях коллега в Минск едет. Буду просить узнать.

Це было б круто! А то у меня инфа только с 1683 г.

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