Редактор раздела «Военные игры»
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Kapser, Cordula. Die bayerische Kriegsorganisation in der zweiten Halfte der Dreissigjahrigen Krieges, 1635-1648/49. Aschendorff, 1997.
These are not “official” OBs/muster lists. They are more like working documents. The Bavarian general staff had these censuses drawn up when they needed to know numbers in order to make plans (for campaigns, winter quarters, etc.) or needed to know what they had to work with (like after a battle).
Numbers and dates can be approximate. Also, some regiments can be missing.
The first list comes from late autumn 1634. It apparently was used in May 1635 during negotiations with the imperial army, I presume in connection with the Peace of Prague.
Regt. Co. No. of Men
Infantry Fugger 9 1000
Reinach 13 800
Ruepp 8 1000
Harttenberg 11 1300
Pappenheim 9 700
Puck 6 600
Schnetter 5 900
Salis 6 1000
Salzburger - -
Kompanien 4 400
Wahl 11 2000
Schlez 5 1200
Leoprechting 1 300
Metternich leftovers - 200
Inf. Subtotal 13 plus Metternich 88 11,500
Cavalry Duke of Lorraine (ex Billehe) 13 1000
Furstenberg 10 450
Lang 5 350
Bracciolini 6 300
Espaigne 6 300
Keller 6 500
Werth 18 1000
Meven 6 250
Neuneck 5 400
Salis 5 250
Haslang 5 250
Binder 5 300
Wahl 5 450
Fugger (Croats) 6 300
Cav. Subtotal 14 101 6100
Dragoons Werth 6 350
Metternich 5 250
Wahl 2 200
Schlez 1 100
Leoprechting 1 100
Fugger 1 80
Drag. Subtotal 2* 16 1080
Army totals 29 205 18,680
*the last 4 dragoon units listed were NOT dragoon regts., but cos. that were joined to their colonels’ other regts.
The second list comes from March 1639. It only lists the mounted troops.
Regt. Co. No. of Men
Cavalry Werth (Cuir) 794
Horst (Cuir) 657
Gayling (Cuir) 924
Kolb (Cuir) 807
Lowenstein (Cuir) 987
Neuneck (Arq) 522
Truckmuller (Arq) 498
Croaten 1 115
Cav. Subtotal 7 1 5304
Dragoons Wolff 423
Drag. Subtotal 1 423
Army totals 8 1 5727
The third list comes from November 1640.
Regt. Co. No. of Men
Infantry F. Mercy 10 1327
Hunolstein 8 789
Haslang 8 779
Edinstetten 8 835
Hagenbach 10 815
Puck 9 817
Gold 8 854
Gunther 8 1009
Horst 5 575
Holz 8 867
Wahl 9 641
Inf. Subtotal 11 91 9308
Cavalry C. Mercy (Cuir) 8 606
Gayling (Cuir) 9 930
Kolb (Cuir) 8 760
Lowenstein (Cuir) 9 1054
Werth (Arq) 9 816
Neuneck (Arq) 8 441
Truckmuller (Arq) 9 846
Sporck (Arq) 8 764
Cav. Subtotal 8 68 6217
Dragoons Wolff 6 581
Ossena 5 443
Drag. Subtotal 2 11 1024
Army totals 21 170 16,549
The fourth list is undated. It can be placed in the period 1639-spring 1643. Also, the garrison of Wolfenbuttel is attached. Finally, sitting next to this 4th list in the archives is a listing of the kurkolnische (electoral Cologne) army, which from 1638-1642 was under the command of the Bavarian marshal Wahl.
Regt. Co. No. of Men
Infantry F. Mercy 10 1500
Hunolstein 8 746
Haslang 8 599
Edlinstetten 8 852
Reinach 10 815
Puck 9 830
Gold 8 873
Gunther 8 977
Horst 5 420
Holz 8 867
Wahl 9 696
Inf. Subtotal 11 91 9175
Cavalry C. Mercy (Cuir) 8 707
Gayling (Cuir) 9 967
Kolb (Cuir) 8 880
Lowenstein (Cuir) 9 1099
Werth (Arq) 9 807
Neuneck (Arq) 8 546
Truckmuller (Arq) 8 650
Sporck (Arq) 6 500
Cav. Subtotal 8 65 6216
Dragoons Wolff 6 550
Ossena 5 300
Drag. Subtotal 2 11 850
Army totals 21 167 16,241
Wolfenbuttel garrison under Ruischenberg: 1 inf. regt. (10 cos., 2200 men); 1 cav. co. of 90 men; and 1 dragoon co. of 80 men.
Kurkolnische army: 2 inf. regts. Vehlen (8 cos., 800 men) and Westphalen (11, 1200). 2 free cos. of infantry, each of 200 men (Kettler and Remond). 2 cuirassier regts. Vehlen (7, 400) and Leutersam (5, 250).
The fifth list is from December 1642. There are actually 2 different lists, both made out on the same day. Numbers, however, are different! The discrepancy is not explained. The numbers given to the left of the “/” are from one list; numbers given to the right of the “/” are from the other.
Regt. Co. No. of Men
Infantry F. Mercy 10 660/688
Hagenbach 10 660/700
Haslang 8 550/574
Edlinstetten 8 630/658
Winterscheid 9 670/702
Miehr 8 590/623
Gold 8 560/590
Royer 8 630/658
Horst 5 570/600
Holz 8 760/785
Wahl 9 770/800
Ruischenberg (Wolfenbuttel) 11 1000/1322
Inf. Subtotal 12 102 8050/8700
Cavalry C. Mercy 8 650/684
Gayling 9 840/878
Kolb 8 700/735
Lapierre 9 950/1000
Werth 9/8 820/852
Sporck 10 960/987
Truckmuller 9 770/804
Wolfenbuttel Cos. 2 170/185
Cav. Subtotal 7 64/63 5860/6125
Dragoons Wolff 6 580/613
Ilten 1 110/120
Drag. Subtotal 1 7 690/733
Army totals 20 164 14,600/15,558
List #6 is from late Autumn 1643. “vor der occassion bey Tutling gewest”.
Regt. Co. No. of Men
Infantry F. Mercy 10 841
Hagenbach 10 781
Haslang 8 645
Fugger 8 780
Winterscheid 8 886
Miehr 9 704
Gold 8 872
Royer 8 676
Horst 5 900
Holz 8 793
Wahl 9 810
Ruischenberg 11 800
Inf. Subtotal 12 102 9488
Cavalry C. Mercy 8 622
Gayling 9 888
Kolb 8 752
Lapierre 9 999
Werth 9 935
Sporck 10 1051
Truckmuller 9 845
Ruischenberg’s command 3 196
Cav. Subtotal 7 65 6348
Dragoons Wolff 18 1025
Ilten 3 310
Attached to cav. regts. 7 700
Drag. Subtotal 2 28 2035
Army totals 21 195 17,871
List #7 is from Jan. 1644 and includes POWs from Tuttlingen who were enrolled into the Bavarian army.
Regt. Co. No. of Men
Infantry F. Mercy 1087
Hagenbach 1051
Haslang 866
Fugger 716
Winterscheid 931
Miehr 1066
Gold 1057
Royer 926
Horst 900
Holz 925
Wahl 980
Ruischenberg 1072
Inf. Subtotal 12 11,577
Cavalry C. Mercy 735
Gayling 934
Kolb 836
Lapierre 1024
Werth 1025
Sporck 1205
Cosalkhi 1037
Ruischenberg’s command 314
Cav. Subtotal 7 7110
Dragoons Wolff 1090
Beltin (sic) 311
Attached to cav. regts. 882
Drag. Subtotal 2 2283
Army totals 21 20,970
The total number of POWs is 2091. The strength of the Bavarian army without them is 18,879.
TYW French OBs under Richelieu
The following is taken from: Leupold, E. “Journal der Armee des Herzogs Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar aus den Jahren 1637 und 1638.” Basler Zeitschrift fur Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Bd. 11 (1912):253-361.
This is the Weimarian army in the service of France under Duke Bernhard; the list comes from June 1638, a few months after Rheinfelden and a couple months before Wittenweyer.
Sic:
Foot: Forbus, 1800 men; Kanowsky, 1000; Schonbeck, 900; Hodiova, 700; Schafelitzky, 500; Lessla, 500; Hatstein, 700; Bernhold, 500. Total no. of foot is 6600.
Horse: Taupadel, 700 men; Luys, 500; Kallenbach, 400; Rosen, 900; Nassau, 700; Kanowsky, 300; Badenbusch, 500; Schon, 500; Wurttemberg, 300; Rothenhan, 300. Also, there was the Bernhard Leib Company of 100 men under Rittmeister Dorstadel. Total no. of horse (incl. the Leib) is 5200.
Dragoons: 660 men.
Given the lack of infantry, there was also an attached French corps (all foot) as follows:
Guebriand, 800 men; Ribel, 600; Vausti, 600; Schmiedberger (German), 1000; Sannebusch (Irish), 150. Total no. of French is 3150.
Guns: there were 8 regimental pieces and 14 bigger guns.
List #2 is taken from: Kroener, Bernhard. “Die Entwicklung der Truppenstarken in den franzosischen Armeen zwischen 1635 und 1661.” In Forschungen und Quellen zur Geschichte des Dreissigjahrigen Krieges. Munster, 1981. pp. 206-207.
It lists the French army in the area of Chalons and on the Champagne frontier after winter quarters, 1642-43.
Regt. Co. No. of Men
Infantry Rambures 30 769
Bussi Lamet 20 1066
Grance 20 669
Bretagne 18 366
Aubeterre 20 631
Noailles 5 186
Couronne 18 218
Marine 30 992
Person 20 751
Meilleraye 20 571
Vervins 20 602
Piemont 26 772
Breze 20 757
Clanleu 10 257
Roncherolles 10 244
Du Tot 10 192
Chabroulie 10 415
Gevres 10 432
Sirot 5 173
Rocquelaure 5 228
Lenoncourt 6 177
Feuillade 4 182
Vatimont 3 146
Quince 12 454
Comp. Royales (Maison du Roi) 8 639
Gardes Ecossaises (Scots) 12 1740
Hill (English) 5 211
Belins (Irish) 3 108
Fitz Viliam (Irish) 6 318
Du Val (Irish) 5 245
Kolhasse (German) 4 600
Batilli (German) 3 300
Inf. Subtotal 32 398 15,411
Cavalry Lenoncourt 6 177
Gevres 10 432
Sirot 5 173
Rocquelaure (carabins?) 5 228
Feuillade 4 182
Vatimont 3 146
Villars (foreign) 8 442
Bouillon (foreign) 6 360
Beauveau (foreign) 6 340
L’Echele (foreign) 6 265
Schack (Croat) 3 180
Cav. Subtotal 11 62 2925
Army totals 43 460 18,336
The third list also comes from Kroener, pp. 204-05. This is the army of Champagne under Chatillon in June 1641. On 6 July 1641, this army was crushed at La Marfee (outside Sedan) by the imperials under Lamboy in concert with Lorraine “rebels” under the Count of Soissons.
Regt. Co. No. of Men
Infantry Beausse 28 964
Feuillade 20 186
S. Luc 20 666
Bussy Lamet 20 746
Nettancourt 7 296
Bussy Rabutin 19 636
Uxel (Huxelles) 20 385
Luzignan 17 96
Bourgogne1 20 600
Du Val (Irish)2 11 339
Beling (Irish)1 ? 400
Douglas (Scots) 23 746
Roussillon ? ?
Phisvillain (Irish)2 11 255
Chalancy 20 559
Piedmont 27 1293
Charget 19 672
Inf. Subtotal 17 289+? 8839+?
Cavalry La Royne 1 36
Monsieur 1 42
M. Le Prince 1 70
Praslin 6 317
Terrail 6 250
Brouilly 4 236
Lignon 3 178
Linars 4 157
Cav. Subtotal 5 26 1286
Gendarmes La Royne 1 136
Monsieur 1 123
Ecossais (Maison du Roi) 1 34
Angoulesme 1 66
Hallincourt [1] [<70]
Gend. Subtotal 5 359+?
Carabins Arnaus 9 403
Rocquelaure 4 202
Degenfeld (foreign) 6 319
Car. Subtotal 3 19 924
Army totals 25 339+? 11,408+?
1Numbers taken from a revue from the end of May 1641.
2Numbers taken from a revue from the beginning of May 1641.
List no. 4 is once again from Kroener, pp. 202. This is Chatillon’s army from May 18, 1638, which would invest Saint-Omer in June.
Regt. Co. No. of Men
Infantry Gardes Francaises (Mais. du Roi) 10 1261
Gardes Suisses (Maison du Roi) 3 1410
Beausse 16 668
Douglas (Scots) 20 1261
Navarre 20 1263
Champagne 20 1149
Turenne 20 879
Bellanave 20 1269
Langeron 20 651
Perigord 20 804
Bellebrune 20 924
Genlis 20 620
Inf. Subtotal 12 209 12,159
Cavalry La Ferte 4 206
Lignon 4 180
Vattimont 3 142
Ferte Imbaud 7 456
Gassion (foreign, cuirassier?) 14 973
Hohm (foreign) 6 205
Cav. Subtotal 6 38 2162
Gendarmes Vaubecourt 1 61
Monsieur 1 98
Gend. Subtotal 2 159
Carabins French* 1 51
Foreign Dragons* 2 121
Egenfeld (foreign) 2 136
Car. Subtotal 5 308
Army totals 18 254 14,788
*The company commanders are not identified.
List no. 5 is yet again from Kroener, pp. 197-198. This is the army of Chatillon and La Force from June 1635.
Regt. Co. No. of Men
Infantry Picardie 18 652
Navarre 15 897
Normandie 15 546
Vaubecour 15 573
Tonneins 12 542
Aclaincourt 12 403
Effiat 12 393
Navaille 12 585
Bussy 10 432
La Blocquerie 12 548
Nanteuil 10 247
Bourdonnay 13 472
Mailleraye 10 650
Virville 12 295
Anguyen 15 649
Rocquelore 12 457
Hocquincour 2 96
La Borde 2 111
Inf. Subtotal 18 209 8548
Cavalry Independent cos.* 23 813
Anguyen ? 208
Daiguefel (foreign) 5 309
Batilly (foreign) 10 400
Gassion (foreign, cuirassier?) 5 369
Sevcour (foreign) 4 228
Cav. Subtotal 5 47 + ? 2327
Gendarmes La Royne 1 38
Gourdon 1 42
Longueville 1 13
Marechal d’Estre 1 9
Tresmes 1 22
Monsieur le Comte 1 Neant = 0
Angoulesmes 1 Neant = 0
Gend. Subtotal 7 124
Carabins** Pre 1 33
Nocour 1 38
Rgt. de Plancy ? 123
St. Simon (foreign) ? 305
Car. Subtotal 2 2+? 499
Dragoons*** de son Eminence (=Richelieu) 28
- 55
- 28
- 227
- 245
Drag. Subtotal 583
Army totals 25+? 265+? 12,081
In a revue from July 1635, the first 10 regts. of infantry listed (that is, down to La Blocquerie) had shrunk from 5571 men to 4470 men, a loss of 1101 men. This is a monthly wastage rate of 19.76%.
*The regimental organization had not yet been instituted for the Chevau-leger cavalry. Here is the breakdown of the individual companies: Monsieur le Prince, 41 men; Angoulesme, 34; La Force, 34; Bussy, 33; Lauriere, 41; Rouville, 34; Le Rocque, 29; St. Chaumont, 32; Cressonniere, 37; Lignon, 62; Poylie, 27; La Bloquerie, 62; Feuquiere, 27; Du Hamel, 33; Bresoles, 31; Comte de Lanoy, 47; La Hunaudays, 26; Rabateliere, 24; Arambure, 38; Baron de Lanoix, 80; Lanoue, 5; Berneuil, 16; La Pierre, 20.
**On 16 May 1635 all the independent companies of carabins (theoretically every native French unit of this type) were placed into 1 regiment under Arnauld. At the same time, the 9 companies of foreign carabins were placed into a second regiment under St. Simon. How rapidly this was implemented in the field is open to question.
***On 27 May 1635 six regiments of dragoons were created: Cardinal (i.e., Richelieu), Alegre, Brulon, Bernieulles, Mahe, and St. Remy (foreign).
The French OrBat for Thionville (=Diedenhofen) 7 June 1639
Feuquieres’s army of Lorraine had a paper strength of about 10,000 foot and 3000 horse, but not all regiments allocated to him in the planning documents actually joined his army. In April 1639 some of his nominal units were redeployed to Italy. In early May, Feuquieres’s army only contained 6-7000 foot and 1500-2000 horse. Reinforcements did reach Feuquieres before the battle though, and normally his army is usually quoted at about 10,000 men (Feuquieres stated that he had 8000 foot and 2600 horse). However, the reinforcements were more substantial than that, since reports by French ministers indicate that the army of Feuquieres had a numerical equality with the imperial forces: there were some 14,000 men, of which about 4000 were cavalry and the rest were infantry.
Infantry Present: Picardie (under Breaute), Navarre (under des Fors), Rambures, Saint-Luc, Canisy, Bussy-Rabutin, Longjumeau (=Effiot), Beauce (under Onzain), Kolhasse (German), Grancey (=Perche).
Infantry Probable: Bussy-Lameth, Rasilly (ex Perigord), Noailles.
Infantry Possible: Aubeterre, Feuquieres.
Cavalry Present: Praslin, Moulinet, Stref (German).
Cavalry Possible: Gesvres, Lignon, Claviere, Chapelle-Balou, St. Aignan, Aubais ; 6 cos. of carabins ; several hundred gendarmes.
Feuquieres and des Fors were wounded and taken prisoner. Onzain was KIA. Moulinet and marshal St. Paul were killed in the cavalry route. The other 2 marshals, Grancey and Praslin, were thrown into the Bastille.
Problems with orbat:
The infantry: I found 2 major sources for the infantry at Thionville: Susane and Noailles. All of the units given above are taken from Susane which I find to be more authoritative for the actual engagement. Feuquieres’s army was supposed to have 15 regts. of foot, according to a planning etat from late winter/early spring of 1639, which can be found in Noailles. Susane also has 15 regts. at Thionville. However, there are significant differences between the 2 listings, which I will attempt to explain below.
First, though, there are 10 regts. mentioned as being present according to contemporary reports and eye witnesses, most especially Bussy-Rabutin, so these are beyond dispute (and all are given by Susane as being present). The problem is what to do with the remaining 5 units.
So that you can compare between Noailles and Susane, here are the infantry units listed on the etat. Since this is just a planning document, only 13 regts. are actually on this list, with space reserved for 2 other formations to be named later.
4 regts. known to have been at Thionville: Picardie, Navarre, Rambures, Effiat.
3 others which Susane has listed as being present: Perigord, Noailles, Bussy-Lameth. Since these 3 units are found in both of my major secondary sources, I gave them the status of “probable”.
At this point I think that Susane’s listing is pretty much as authoritative as we are going to get, since he has all the units reported by eye witnesses and these three which were actually supposed to be part of Feuquieres’s army. This is why I went ahead and gave the last 2 units from Susane as possible, ignoring the remaining 6 regts. on the etat. Since a number of the original units of Feuquieres were transferred to Italy, it makes sense that there are units listed on the etat which were not at Thionville. In addition, most of the known infantry regts. present at Thionville are not on the etat, so had to be added to Feuquieres’s army as reinforcements (this is how Bussy-Rabutin’s regt. became part of the army).
6 units listed on the etat which I do not think were at Thionville: St. Rue, Montmege, Nettancourt, Conti, Vibraye, St.-Paul. The only one that gives me pause is St. Paul, since the man himself was present as one of the marshals of Feuquieres’s army. However, that does not mean that his regiment was ipso facto present. Indeed, Bussy-Rabutin mentions Praslin and Grancey and their regts., but mentions only St. Paul the man and never his infantry unit.
The cavalry: Only 3 cavalry units are named in contemporary or eye witness accounts of the battle. These are given above. The only other source for the cavalry is the planning etat found in Noailles. This names 8 French cavalry regts. and has a slot for 1 unnamed foreign unit. It also lists 6 cos. of carabins and a generous allocation of gendarmes. The good news is that the 3 formations known to have been present are on the etat (Stref takes over the foreign slot). Therefore, while it undoubtedly is not completely accurate for June, the etat appears a decent source for the remaining cavalry, which I have listed above as possible.
Sources: the memoirs of Bussy-Rabutin (found on the Gallica site); Theatrum Europeum.
Please see my “working bibliography” for: Hardy de Perini, Aumale, Noailles.
also:
Susane, Louis. Histoire de l’ancienne infanterie francaise. 8 vols. Paris : Correard, 1847- 1853.
Parrott, David. Richelieu's Army: War, Government, and Society in France, 1624-1642.
Cambridge, 2001. |
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